High blood pressure is often linked to heart disease, but medical experts say it is a silent condition that can slowly and seriously damage the brain as well. Because its symptoms do not appear immediately, many people remain unaware for years while it continues to harm the body’s most sensitive organ the brain.
Medically known as hypertension, this condition occurs when the pressure of blood in the arteries remains consistently high. Although the human brain makes up only about two percent of body weight, it requires nearly 20 percent of the body’s total blood and oxygen supply to function properly. Even a small disturbance in blood flow can therefore be dangerous for brain cells.
Experts explain that high blood pressure makes the brain’s arteries stiff and narrow, increasing the risk of stroke. If a blood clot blocks a narrowed artery or if a vessel bursts due to excessive pressure, it can result in permanent disability or even death.
Long-term high blood pressure can also affect mental abilities. Research shows that people who suffer from hypertension in middle age are at greater risk of developing memory loss or dementia later in life. Reduced blood supply gradually weakens memory, planning skills, and decision-making abilities.
Some individuals may also experience small or temporary strokes, known as mini-strokes. Although these may resolve within minutes, they are clear warning signs of a possible major stroke in the future.
Medical experts further warn that constant high blood pressure can cause structural changes in the brain. The hippocampus, which controls memory, may shrink in size. Damage to small blood vessels can also harm the brain’s white matter, which is responsible for communication between different parts of the brain.
The effects of high blood pressure are not limited to the brain. It can also damage the kidneys and eyes. When the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys are harmed, their ability to filter waste decreases, sometimes leading to the need for dialysis. Similarly, damage to the blood vessels in the retina can affect vision.
Experts say this silent killer can be controlled through simple lifestyle changes. Reducing salt intake and including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in daily meals can help, while avoiding packaged and processed foods as much as possible is recommended. At least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, such as brisk walking or swimming, can help maintain healthy blood pressure levels.
Managing stress through deep breathing exercises or yoga can also be beneficial. Maintaining a healthy weight is important, and regularly checking blood pressure at home can help detect any dangerous changes early.
Doctors strongly advise that if medication has been prescribed, it should be taken regularly and not stopped without medical advice, even if blood pressure seems normal. Keeping blood pressure under control today can help prevent serious risks like stroke and memory loss in the future.
